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GENERAL HEADQUARTERS FAR EAST COMMAND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE SECTION, GENERAL STAFF INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY INTELLIGENCE DATA COVERING THE MILITARY ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FIELDS IN: JAPAN KOREA PHILIPPINES CHINA-MANCHURIA SOUTHEAST ASIA N. E. I. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS FAR EAST COMMAND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE SECTION, GENERAL STAFF TABLE OF CONTENTS Selected items for the Information of Commanders NO. and Staffs of the Far East Command DATE 2271 27 November 1948 INTELLIGENCE HIGHLIGHTS (2) NORTH KOREA Current threats of a PA invasion of South Korea reveal operational details; show North Korean public opinion divided on significance of presence of troops at parallel. Training installation established at Chinnampo. Radio code reportedly in use by PA. North Korean Department of Internal Affairs reportedly reorganizes security forces. Approximately 200 North Koreans, possibly North Korean People's Army troops, attack South Korean police box; no casualties reported. Raid may mark beginning of series of similar actions. (3) SOUTH KOREA Rebel resistance being suppressed as South Korean security forces kill, capture mutineers in Kurye, Chiri Mountain areas. Constabularymen repel raiders in Yongwol area. KOREA Military, Political, Economic, Social Situation, Press Review, Civil Intelligence, Miscellaneous Selected Items for the Information of Commanders and Staffs of the Far East Command MILITARY SITUATION 1. Unrest in South Korea: (Refer to Sketch No. 1) (a) Mop-up Operations Continue: South Korean security forces are making gradual progress in suppressing scattered mutineer resistance in the Yosu revolt area (Intell. Summary 2258). Constabulary sources have announced that 175 mutineers were killed and 166 prisoners captured during the period 12-19 Nov. (a) A subsequent announcement stated that 200 mutineers were killed and 400 captured on 19 and 20 Nov as a result of mop-up operations around Kurye. (b) Mutineers killed and captured around Kurye presumably were in addition to those listed in the former announcement. Loyal Constabulary forces are continuing mop-up operations in the Chiri Mountains. (a) The "Seoul Times" reported that a General Court had announced the sentences of 35 civilians who were convicted of participation in the Yosu revolt. Twelve were sentenced to be executed, nine were sentenced to life imprisonment; 11 received 20 years imprisonment and three were sentenced to five years imprisonment. The newspaper also reported that 3,000 persons were arrested in Kwangju during the period 27 Oct to 20 Nov as suspected Leftists who participated in the rebellion. (c) Constabulary patrols killed five raiders and captured six on the night of 24 Nov when they contacted approximately 150 raiders in the Yongwol area, approximately 35 miles southeast of Hoengsong (Intell. Summary 2264). The prisoners were taken to Seoul for interrogation. (d) Source Comment: It is suspected that the figures of 200 mutineers killed and 400 captured around Kurye during a two day period are exaggerated but the announcement indicates that Constabulary troops are meeting with success in mopping-up the revolt area. (b) Comment: It is possible that the raiders drifted south from the Hoengsong area, but installations in the Yongwol area may have been their objective. The Yongwol thermal electric plant and coal mines are an inviting target for Communist saboteurs. Destruction or damage to the plant and/or mines could cause additional hardships on South Korea's economy and living conditions. Interrogation of the prisoners may reveal the mission of the raiders and other pertinent information. (b) Aircraft Identified: Six fighter-type aircraft and a four-engine bomber, which were sighted on 17 Nov over Cheju Island, approximately 50 miles south of the Korean mainland, (Intell. Summary 2265) were later identified as U.S. planes. (A-1) (e) Comment: On the basis of an earlier report it was thought possible that the aircraft were Soviet. (c) Iron Curtain: "The Iron Curtain of the 38th Parallel was not made by the desire of the Korean people, and they do not want to endure all the difficulties that arise from its existence," according to an announcement by the South Korean Government's Office of Public Information. "The Allied Powers are responsible for the existence of the Iron Curtain," the announcement stated, and "it is their duty to solve the many problems which are the result of it. Withdrawal of Soviet and U.S. forces from Korea is a basic demand of the Korean people," the official release stated, "and it might properly be requested out of the spirit of independence. However, it must be realized there is strong Communist pressure behind men of those political parties which strongly insist upon the withdrawal of all foreign troops." The Government's release concluded by stressing that the withdrawal of U.S. forces must be considered carefully because it has an important political aspect which influences the policy of the South Korean Government, the security of the Pacific area, and the problem of peace and order in South Korea. (f)