드럼라이트의 제주도 방문과 폭동 진압

SECRET 004-49 IFI 460a.0201 2401.0101 18 May 1949 nilskin, Seoul, Korea Personal Observation of November 1948 AID Publication "Korea Airfields and Seaplane Stations" m-1 Visit to the Island of ChiJU (33°20'N; 133°30'E) 581353 See Ports and Harbor Facilities, Air Installation. On 4 May 1949 Lt. Paul Gartler, the assistant Naval attaché, accompanied Mr. D. F. Drumright, Counselor to the Embassy, on a visit to the island of ChiJU (33°20'N; 133°30'E). The purpose of Mr. Drumright's visit was to check at first hand the current situation existing between rebel and Korean army forces and to further estimate some of the possibilities for future development or the island. Mr. Drumright and Lt. Gartler spent three days there, speaking with the Korean Advisory Group, the Commanding Officer of the Korean Army troops on ChiJU and with many of the native islanders. A description of the airfields at ChiJU (as directed in reference as SALSHU field) is herein included. 1. On 4 May 1949 Lt. Gartler and Mr. D. F. Drumright, Counselor to the American Embassy, flew to ChiJU in the Naval Attache plane. The trip was made out incident and required one hour and forty minutes from takeoff to landing. The landing was made at the airfield presently known as "ChiJU North" and described in reference as SALSHU field (33°30'N - 126°29'E). The field has two runways, one 4000 feet x 350 feet, direction 310° x 130°; the second runway is 6000 feet in length and approximately 300 feet wide, direction [illegible]. The sod covering, which is based on lava rock, has become quite irregular and is badly pitted and rolling in many places. approximately 1/3 feet of [illegible] 300 foot width on each runway is still usable. The approaches are almost nowhere, extensibility of either runway would require the levelling of [illegible] small hills and considerable effort would be involved. The prevailing wind is from the NW and rather regularly reaches a velocity of 40 - 50 MPH. The field is usually covered with cattle and native island police and must be cleared by jeep and repeated low passes before a landing can be made. The Korean airforce has constructed a single wood frame hangar near the center of the field, suitable for housing two Army liaison type aircraft. 2. Up until a few weeks ago, two Korean airforce [illegible] planes were field for the purpose of spotting rebel positions and directing [illegible] attempt was made during the employment of these planes to outfit them with a bazooka-type weapon attached to each wing for the purpose of firing [illegible] and the pilot and observer would occasionally carry "lap bombs." This bomb was described by members of the Korean Military Advisory Group based on CHEJU as a crude, drawstring-type affair, weighing approximately thirty pounds, loaded with TNT which was activated by a detonating cap. The weapon was armed by tripping a lever and then hurled from the plane at each time the pilot considered that he had reached an advantageous position. The effect of these innovations on the rebels' morale proved to be of more value than any destructive results obtained. CHEJU South is not employable at the present time; however, during World War II it was used as a base and training field for Japanese Naval aircraft, and was considered to be a better field than CHEJU North. Korean Army troops have prevented the natives from encroaching on this field and it is believed that it could be rendered usable with a minimum amount of work. This is the field described in reference as MOSULPO (33°13'N - 126°17'E). 3. Mr. Drumright was welcomed by Captain R. R. Haskell, officer-in-charge of the KMAG detachment, 1st Lt. R. L. Morton of KMAG, Colonel Yu Le Kwong, officer-in-charge Korean army troops on CHEJU and Miss Sara Park, correspondent for Reuters and INS, who had spent a week on the island in search of local color. The stay on the island was taken up with a visit to the village of CHEJU, a tour of some of the smaller villages which had been burnt out, the rebels and were being restored, a flight over rebel and Korean army positions, and in speaking with Colonel YU and some of his officers. 4. Colonel YU is considered to be an outstanding Korean army officer. He attended the Japanese Military Academy in Tokyo, graduating in 1939. During the last war he was—according to his own description—[illegible] in the Tokyo Guard" and engaged in no active warfare. His father attained the rank of Colonel in the Japanese army and as a child Colonel YU was [illegible] in the Japanese manner, so much so that he [illegible] a disadvantage at the present time in that his manner, speech and military habit are too Japanese to suit the Korean taste. He is 29 years of age, small in stature [illegible] for an Oriental, and speaks and understands much more English than does the average Korean officer of equal rank. Colonel YU was detailed to CHEJU early in March, arriving to assume command during the last week in March, following a series of conferences with highly-placed officials, including [illegible] Jun-suk and General CHAI [illegible] Duk, Supreme Chief of Staff of the Korean Army. Apparently his [illegible] on CHEJU had been somewhat established and Colonel YU was chosen from his post at the Military Academy to attempt a solution to the problem. 5. He has under his command on CHEJU at the present time one (1) [illegible] consisting of four (4) battalions i.e. three (3) regular battalions and one (1) special battalion trained in guerrilla [illegible]. [illegible] 2300 officers and men. Upon [illegible] command Colonel YU [illegible] [illegible] of his predecessor, Colonel [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] taken within a [illegible] [illegible] and immediately [illegible] upon [illegible] if possible and are personally [illegible] [illegible] demonstrated their remorse and provided they [illegible] not [illegible] group of guerrilla fighters, they are given [illegible] released. The results of such a procedure [illegible] factory, since the released [illegible] will [illegible] lead [illegible] of arms or pass the word back to his compatriots that they [illegible] treated and not necessarily killed, should they surrender. [illegible] that every rebel released under his amnesty program has brought in at least six more. He further believes that he is aware of the location of every leader of the guerrillas and the amount of arms and ammunition [illegible] his disposal, down to the last grenade. Rebel [illegible] [illegible] and has grown steadily more meager. Captured arms and ammunition [illegible] ex-Japanese or American in manufacture. Many of the guerrillas are [illegible] with nothing more than a bamboo pole with a [illegible],bre[illegible] tied to the tip. Colonel IV has so placed the four [illegible] in the CHEJU operation that they are grouped in a circular [illegible] around the HALLE-SAN peak, which is located at the [illegible] the island. Thus he has reoriented the are[illegible] of [illegible] operations [illegible] small vertical cone extending from some [illegible] feet of the HALLE[illegible] its peak, 6398 feet up, and the lower reaches of the island [illegible] rebel attacks for two weeks prior to Mr. Drumright's visit. 6. It is estimated that the Korean Army has suffered 118 officers and men killed since 1 March; the number of wounded was not [illegible] number of rebels killed since that time is officially [illegible] but it is reported by KMAG on CHEJU to be much greater. [illegible] 15,000 civilians killed since 3 April 1948. This [illegible] rebels and non-participants, as both combatants [illegible] various times during the campaign, of indiscriminate[illegible] 7. CHEJU is an elliptically shaped island approximately [illegible] 14 [illegible] east-west direction and 40 miles in a north[illegible] direction [illegible] "main road" describing a complete circle around the [illegible] places becomes practically impassable even for a [illegible] the population of the island is estimated at 300,000. [illegible] are much more evident than on [illegible] the [illegible] what reminiscent of Guam. HALLE-[illegible] and the entire island appears to be the [illegible] A lake has formed in the crater and many [illegible] minor peaks surrounding HALLE-SAN. The island is volcanic in origin and nature. Many of the [illegible] up stream beds show evidence of considerable lava deposits. [illegible] rice crop was far ahead of that on the mainland and appeared [illegible] tended. There is a severe shortage of water throughout the [illegible] by a scarcity of wells and the fact that almost all of the [illegible] dry. In traveling over the area, only one active stream was [illegible] this one passes through the center of CHEJU village and is [illegible] answer every imaginable requirement. During the last [illegible] maintained 80,000 troops as garrison for the island and it [illegible] to transport water from the southern side. A number of caves were also observed, particularly [illegible] was made on foot into the areas which have been rendered [illegible] by the fighting. The caves have been used as dwellings and [illegible] the rebels and evidence of recent inhabitation was apparent. Many [illegible] burials had taken place in this area and a few fresh graves were [illegible] At one of the graves a "propaganda stake" was found. This was a [illegible] stake driven into the ground alongside the grave mound, [illegible] four sides. Freely translated, the inscription warned the [illegible] their participation in the May elections would result in the rebels burning their homes, pillaging their villages and slaughtering [illegible] cattle and the islanders themselves. 8. CHEJU harbor has two piers, only one of which is suitable for use by the Korean Navy [illegible]. The islanders have no [illegible] of large ships in the harbor and the largest vessel to [illegible] end of the war has been an LST. Controlling depth at high tide [illegible] to be between 17 and 20 feet, at low tide 10 and 13 feet. [illegible] protected anchorage, particularly if the winds are strong [illegible] a frequent occurrence. The second pier is presently being [illegible] quarters by the women divers of CHEJU, who go down in twelve to [illegible] feet of water in the harbor for [illegible] of the women divers is interesting in that it [illegible] life on CHEJU. The only animal labor the [illegible] agricultural—and only enough to insure that the [illegible] tended. The women perform all of the remaining work, [illegible] a beast of burden since oxen and carts are in short supply. A flight was made over the island with Colonel [illegible] making [illegible] one and rebel positions. From the air the Colonel's [illegible] of [illegible] the guerrillas constantly further up the HALLI-SAN became [illegible] the area behind the Korean army lines for many miles is still [illegible] land and is practically deserted. An occasional woman may [illegible] in a wheat field or barley field, but she rarely does so [illegible] Korean national flag tied to the end of a long pole [illegible] identity her as friendly to the troops. The islanders are [illegible] more friendly to americans than are the Seoul inhabitants [illegible] reported that they consider the Americans at least partly [illegible] bringing about an end to the disorder, burning and killing [illegible] 9. There are approximately 4,000 people still remaining in [illegible] refugee camps established by the Army. Since the cost of [illegible] people falls on the Government, the Army encourages the [illegible] immediate reconstruction of the burnt-out villages. [illegible] within the camp until the customary wall has been [illegible] village and then move into the compound and start construction [illegible] dwellings. KMAG reports that there is still enough food [illegible] starvation is imminent; however it is felt that the food [illegible] ally have to be replenished and maintained from the mainland [illegible] time as the natives can be convinced it is safe to work the fields [illegible] out some distance from the villages. 10. Approximately 200 guerrillas who have been captured since the inauguration of Colonel IU's amnesty program are still held in [illegible] and will probably receive long term jail sentences. This is [illegible] which Colonel IU feels has been too strongly issued with the [illegible] doctrine to let go free. In this respect, while he has not [illegible] to this time, in capturing soviet equipment of any sort, the Colonel [illegible] that the guerrilla leaders of the CHEJU uprising were soviet trained either in North Korea, Manchuria or in Soviet Russia. Out of an original group of twelve organizers and guerrilla [illegible] who came to CHEJU for the purpose of "fomenting revolt and [illegible] Communist doctrine,"the Colonel believes only one to be still at [illegible] *the quote is Colonel IU's. [illegible] HALLI-SAN. [illegible] one of the most [illegible] of [illegible] school matter at [illegible] at the [illegible] the fighting on the west slope of [illegible] 11. Police forces on CHEJU [illegible] Seoul police, imported for the purpose of [illegible] of the revolt. The GROUP [illegible] indicated that he expected to return to [illegible] future or at such time as the CHEJU [illegible] [illegible] COMMENT. This report continues [illegible] of the CHEJU spring [illegible] mopping up operations. It is significant to this office that [illegible] expressed and even partially [illegible] relatively good by comparison with those of [illegible] the conclusion to be drawn (and one with which [illegible] agreement) is that the scenes of the revolt [illegible] that the guerrillas had to sell but to [illegible] by government officials. *Reported by G-2 USAFIK in #1128 to be killed in action [illegible]